Is AI Medical Scribing Legal in California? (2026 Guide)

California has long been at the forefront of both technological innovation and privacy protection. For healthcare providers considering AI medical scribing solutions, understanding the state's legal landscape is essential. This comprehensive guide breaks down what you need to know about using AI scribes legally in California in 2026.

Understanding California's Two-Party Consent Law

California is a "two-party consent" state, meaning all parties involved in a conversation must consent to being recorded. This requirement stems from Cal. Penal Code § 632, which makes it illegal to record confidential communications without the consent of everyone involved.

The statute specifically prohibits the use of any "electronic amplifying or recording device" to eavesdrop upon or record confidential communications without consent. Violations can result in both criminal penalties and civil liability, including fines up to $2,500 per violation and potential imprisonment.

How This Affects AI Medical Scribing

AI medical scribes work by listening to and transcribing patient-provider conversations in real-time. Under California law, this activity constitutes "recording" a confidential communication—which medical conversations certainly are.

This means that before activating any AI scribing technology in California, healthcare providers must obtain explicit consent from the patient. Without this consent, using an AI scribe could expose your practice to significant legal liability.

Best Practices for Compliant AI Scribe Implementation

Obtain Written Consent

While verbal consent may technically satisfy the law, written consent provides documentation that protects your practice. Consider adding AI scribe consent language to your intake forms or creating a separate acknowledgment document.

Provide Clear Disclosure

Patients should understand:

• That an AI system will be listening to and transcribing their conversation

• How the transcription data will be used and stored

• Their right to decline AI scribing without affecting their care

Train Your Staff

Ensure all clinical and administrative staff understand the consent requirements and can explain the AI scribing process to patients clearly and accurately.

Document Everything

Maintain records of patient consent and your consent procedures. This documentation becomes invaluable if questions ever arise about compliance.

HIPAA Considerations Beyond State Law

Remember that Cal. Penal Code § 632 addresses recording consent, but you must also ensure your AI scribing solution complies with HIPAA requirements for protecting patient health information. Choose vendors who sign Business Associate Agreements (BAAs) and maintain appropriate security safeguards.

The Bottom Line

AI medical scribing is legal in California—but only when implemented with proper patient consent. The two-party consent requirement under Cal. Penal Code § 632 means you cannot simply turn on an AI scribe without first informing and obtaining agreement from your patients.

By establishing clear consent protocols and choosing compliant technology partners, California healthcare providers can leverage AI scribing to reduce documentation burden while respecting patient privacy rights and staying on the right side of the law.

This guide is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Consult with a healthcare attorney familiar with California law for guidance specific to your practice.